A landlocked nation in Central Europe, the Czech Republic is also referred to as Czechia. Known historically as Bohemia, it has borders with Slovakia to the southeast, Austria to the south, Germany to the west, and Poland to the northeast.() With a generally temperate continental and oceanic climate, the Czech Republic boasts a hilly landscape spanning 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi). The largest and capital city is Prague; other significant cities and metropolitan regions are Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň, and Liberec.