Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory administered by India that comprises of the southern half of the wider Kashmir area, which has been the subject of a conflict between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China from 1959.The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered provinces of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west and north. It is located to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, and to the west of Ladakh, which is administered by India as a Union Territory.

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, passed both houses of Parliament and established the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.