The states of Rajasthan to the northwest, Uttar Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, and Gujarat to the west encircle Madhya Pradesh, which is landlocked in the center of the nation. Before Madhya Pradesh was divided into Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000, it held the distinction of being the largest state in the nation.

The terrain of Madhya Pradesh includes a combination of plains and hills. The three main seasons of the state are summer (March to May), winter (November to February), and monsoon (June to September).a maximum that occasionally hits 48° C (118° F). The average temperature during the monsoon season is from 19° to 30° C (66