A German state (Land) in northwest Germany is called Lower Saxony[a]. With a surface area of 47,614 km2 (18,384 sq mi), it is the second largest state among the 16 Länder that make up the Federal Republic of Germany. By population, it ranks fourth with 8 million as of 2021. Saterland Frisian and Northern Low Saxon are still spoken in rural regions, though in smaller numbers.